Incoming and outgoing privacy settings in social networks

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs for defining a first group of contacts, the first group of contacts having been specified by a first user of a social networking service and including contacts of the first user within the social networking service, each contact in the first group of contacts being associated with a first sub-group of contacts within the first group of contacts, the first group of contacts being associated with a distribution scheme for digital content provided by the first user within the social networking service, and associating, based on first input provided by the first user, one or more contacts of the first sub-group of contacts with a second sub-group of contacts within the first group of contacts, the second sub-group of contacts including contacts for which at least some digital content distributed to the first user is filtered from display to the first user.

TECHNICAL AREA

This specification relates to social networks, and particularly todigital content distribution over social networks.

BACKGROUND

Internet-based social networking services provide a digital medium forusers to interact with one another and share information. For examples,users are able to distribute digital content (e.g., textual comments,digital images, digital videos, digital audio, hyperlinks to websites,etc.) to other users that they might be connected with in the socialnetworking service. Digital content that is distributed to a user can bedisplayed to the user in a stream page.

As a user's social network within the social networking serviceincreases, the amount of digital content distributed to the user and theamount of digital content that the user interacts with can significantlyincrease. Consequently, the user's stream page can overwhelm the userwith digital content, which can include digital content that might notbe relevant to the user and/or digital content that might be of lowquality (e.g., spam).

SUMMARY

In general, innovative aspects of the subject matter described in thisdisclosure may be embodied in methods that include the actions ofdefining a first group of contacts specified by a first user of a socialnetworking service, each contact in the first group of contacts beingassociated with a first sub-group of contacts within the first group ofcontacts. The first group of contacts is associated with a distributionscheme for digital content provided by the first user within the socialnetworking service. Based on first input provided by the first user, oneor more of the contacts of the first group of contacts are associatedwith a second sub-group of contacts within the first group of contacts.The second sub-group of contacts includes contacts for which at leastsome digital content distributed to the first user is filtered fromdisplay to the first user based on first input provided by the firstuser.

In some implementations, an item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content may be defined based oninput provided by the first user. The distribution may include the firstgroup of contacts. The item of digital content may be distributed tocontacts within both the first sub-group of contacts and the secondsub-group of contacts through the social networking service.

In some implementations, an item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content may be defined based oninput provided by a second user of the social networking service. Thedistribution may include the first user. The item may be excluded fromitems that are to be displayed to the first user, based at least in parton determining that the second user is a member of the second sub-group.The item may also be excluded in response to determining that the itemof digital content includes a specified type of digital content. Thespecified type may be music, hyperlinks, photos, videos, or games.

In some implementations, item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content may be defined based oninput provided by a second user of the social networking service. Thedistribution may include the first user. The item may be included initems that are to be displayed to the first user, at least partially inresponse to determining that the second user is a member of the firstsub-group.

A second item of digital content and a second distribution associatedwith the second item of digital content may also be defined based oninput provided by a third user of the social networking service. Thesecond distribution may also include the first user. The second item maybe excluded from items that are to be displayed to the first user atleast partially in response to determining that the third user is amember of the second sub-group. The items that are to be displayed tothe first user are displayed, including the item of digital content fromthe second user and excluding the second item of digital content fromthe third user.

In some implementations, the methods may further include associating,based on second input provided by the first user, one or more contactsof at least one of the first sub-group of contacts and the secondsub-group of contacts with a third sub-group of contacts within thefirst group of contacts. The third sub-group of contacts may includecontacts for which all digital content distributed to the first user isfiltered from display to the first user.

In some implementations, the second sub-group of contacts includescontacts for which all digital content distributed to the first user isfiltered from display to the first user.

Other implementations of this aspect include corresponding systems,apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions ofthe methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

This disclosure further includes innovative aspects that may be embodiedin methods that include the actions of creating, using the one or morecomputing devices, a first group of digital contacts, the first group ofdigital contacts having been specified by a first user of a socialnetworking service and including digital contacts of the first userwithin the social networking service, the first group of digitalcontacts being associated with a distribution scheme for digital contentprovided by the first user within the social networking service;associating, using the one or more computing devices, based on firstinput provided by the first user, one or more digital contacts from thefirst group of contacts with a second sub-group of contacts; receiving,at the one or more computing devices, an indication of an item ofdigital content and a distribution associated with the item of digitalcontent from a second user of the social networking service, thedistribution including the first user; determining, using the one ormore computing devices, that the second user is a member of the secondsub-group; and, based at least in part on determining that the seconduser is a member of the second sub-group, excluding the item of digitalcontent from the second user from items that are to be displayed to thefirst user.

In some implementations, the actions may further include determiningthat the item of digital content is associated with a predefined type ofdigital content, wherein excluding the item of digital content fromitems that are to be displayed to the first user includes excluding theitem of digital content based at least in part on determining that thesecond user is a member of the second sub-group and determining that theitem of digital content is associated with a predefined type of digitalcontent.

In some implementations, the actions may further include receiving, atthe one or more computing devices, an indication of a second item ofdigital content and a second distribution associated with the seconditem of digital content from a third user of the social networkingservice, the second distribution including the first user; determiningthat the third user is not a member of the second sub-group; and, atleast partially based on determining that the second user is not amember of the second sub-group, including the second item of digitalcontent in items that are to be displayed to the first user. Theseimplementations may further include displaying the items that are to bedisplayed to the first user, including the second item of digitalcontent from the third user and excluding the item of digital contentfrom the second user.

Implementations of the present disclosure provide one or more of thefollowing example advantages. Implementations increase the relevance ofthe social networking service to the users by selectively displayingitems that might be more relevant to respective users. Implementationspromote conversational use of the social networking service and helpensure that users do not miss important content. Implementations alsoenable users to use their time more efficiently by filtering outunwanted content.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matterdescribed in this specification are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other potential features, aspects,and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from thedescription, the drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network architecture.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example social network including socialcircles.

FIG. 3 depicts a screen-shot of an example graphical user interface forcreating and maintaining social circles.

FIG. 4 depicts a screen-shot of an example stream page for a user of asocial networking service.

FIGS. 5A-5C depict an example graphical user interface (GUI) formanaging contact digital content within a social circle.

FIG. 6 depicts a screen-shot of the example stream page of FIG. 4showing the results of the contact digital content management shown inFIGS. 5A-5C.

FIGS. 7A-7C depict another example GUI for managing contact digitalcontent within a social circle.

FIG. 8 depicts a screen-shot of the example stream page of FIGS. 4 and 6showing the results of the contact digital content management shown inFIGS. 7A-7C.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example process that can be executed inimplementations of the present disclosure.

Like reference numbers represent corresponding parts throughout.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 1. Introduction

In general, implementations of the present disclosure are directed todisplaying items in stream pages of users of a social networkingservice. In particular, implementations of the present disclosure aredirected to enabling a user to select, for a particular grouping ofcontacts, which digital content from which contact is displayed to theuser within a stream page of the user. That is, in some implementations,the user can filter digital content from being displayed on aper-grouping, per-contact basis. In some implementations, the user canfilter digital content from being displayed on a per-grouping,per-contact, per-digital content type basis.

The stream page displays digital content that has been posted by theuser to the social networking service and/or digital content distributedto the user through the social networking service. In some examples,each contact within a given social grouping (e.g., social circle,discussed in further detail herein) is associated with at least one of afirst sub-group and a second sub-group. In some examples, the user candistribute digital content to contacts in both the first sub-group andthe second sub-group, while only receiving digital content distributedby contacts within the first sub-group. In this manner, the user canfilter received digital content from particular contacts within a socialgrouping, while still being able to distributed digital content to allcontacts within the social grouping. In some implementations, types orcategories of digital content can be filtered from display on aper-grouping, per-contact basis. In some examples, the user can selectone or more digital content types to be displayed in the user's streampage on a per-user basis for a given social grouping. In someimplementations, there may be different sub-groups associated withdifferent filter settings, such that associating a contact a particularsub-group is sufficient to indicate which digital content types tofilter.

2. Example Social Networking Service

For purposes of illustration, an example social networking service willbe described. The example social networking service enables users toorganize contacts into social groupings referred to as social circles.It is appreciated, however, that implementations of the presentdisclosure can be used in other types of social networking services andare not limited to social networking services that include socialcircles.

In general, social circles are categories to which a user can assigncontacts and better control the distribution and visibility of socialnetworking posts and/or other digital content distributed using thesocial networking service. In some implementations, a social circle canbe provided as a data set defining a collection of contacts that areassociated with one another in a computer-implemented social networkingservice. Generally, a social circle can be described from theperspective of an individual that is the center of a particularcollection of socially interconnected people, or from the aggregateperspective of a collection of socially interconnected people. A socialcircle can have narrowly defined boundaries (e.g., members of the socialcircle might be familiar with one another) and permission may berequired for a member to join a social circle. A user of the socialnetworking service can define a social circle. The social circle, as adata set defining a collection of contacts, may reflect real-life socialconnections and/or interactions of the user. In some implementations, asocial circle can be defined by a user as a personal representation orgrouping of a set of contacts, the contacts may be unaware of the socialcircle and/or unaware of other members of the social circle.

Through the creation and use of social circles, the user can organizeand categorize social networking contacts into various differentgroupings that can be used to control the visibility and access thosecontacts have to the user's postings, digital pictures, videos, audiofiles, hyperlinks (e.g., uniform resource indicators, URIs), and/orother content associated with the user's social networking profile. Asone example, the user can post an update about a work-related nuance toonly a “coworker” circle, and spare other contacts within the socialnetworking service from seeing information that is irrelevant to them.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network architecture 100. The networkarchitecture 100 includes a number of client devices 102-110communicably connected to a server system 112 by a network 114. Theserver system 112 includes a processing device 116 and a data store 118.The processing device 116 executes computer instructions (e.g., socialnetwork computer program code, and/or IM computer program code) storedin the data store 118 to perform the functions of a social networkserver and/or IM server.

Users of the client devices 102-110 access the server device 112 toparticipate in a social networking service. For example, the clientdevices 102-110 can execute web browser applications that can be used toaccess the social networking service and/or an IM service. In anotherexample, the client devices 102-110 can execute software applicationsthat are specific to the social networking service and/or the IM service(e.g., social networking and/or IM “apps” running on smartphones).

Users interacting with the client devices 102-110 can participate in thesocial networking service provided by the server system 112 by digitalcontent, such as text comments (e.g., updates, announcements, replies),digital images, videos, audio files, and/or other appropriate digitalcontent. In some implementations, information can be posted on a user'sbehalf by systems and/or services external to the social networkingservice or the server system 112. For example, the user may post areview of a movie to a movie review website, and with proper permissionsthat website may cross-post the review to the social networking serviceon the user's behalf. In another example, a software applicationexecuting on a mobile device, with proper permissions, may use globalpositioning system (GPS) capabilities to determine the user's locationand automatically update the social network with his location (e.g., “AtHome”, “At Work”, “In Brownsdale, Minn.”). Generally, users interactingwith the client device 102-110 can also use the social networkingservice provided by the server system 112 to define social circles toorganize and categorize the user's relationships to other users of thesocial networking service. Examples of the creation and use of socialcircles are provided in the description of FIG. 2.

In some implementations, the client devices 102-110 can be provided ascomputing devices such as laptop or desktop computers, smartphones,personal digital assistants, portable media players, tablet computers,televisions with one or more processors embedded therein or coupledthereto, or other appropriate computing devices that can be used tocommunicate with an electronic social network. In some implementations,the server system 112 can be a single computing device such as acomputer server. In some implementations, the server system 112 canrepresent more than one computing device working together to perform theactions of a server computer (e.g., cloud computing). In someimplementations, the network 114 can be a public communication network(e.g., the Internet, cellular data network, dialup modems over atelephone network) or a private communications network (e.g., privateLAN, leased lines).

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example social network 200 including socialcircles. A user 202 is a member of a social network that supports thecreation and use of social circles (e.g., the social network provided bythe server device 112 of FIG. 1). In the present example, the user 202has a number of contacts 204 a-204 i with which the user 202 can havesome form of relationship (e.g., friends, coworkers, customers,teammates, clients, relatives, club members, classmates). The user 202categorizes the contacts 204 a-204 i by assigning them to one or moresocial circles, such as a social circle 210, a social circle 220, and asocial circle 230.

The social circle 210 is a personal circle. In some implementations,personal circles are groupings created by and may be known only to theuser 202 (e.g., the contacts 204 a, 204 b may receive no indication thatthey are in the user's 202 personal social circle 210). In someimplementations, personal social circles are groupings created by theuser 202 and may be known to the user 202 as well as the contacts (e.g.,contacts 204 a, 204 b) that are members of the social circle (e.g., thecontacts 204 a, 204 b receive an indication that they have been added tothe personal social circle 210).

In some implementations, personal circles may be used to organize andcategorize the contacts 204 a-204 i in ways that are relevant to theuser 202. In some implementations, the user 202 may use personal socialcircles to organize contacts in order to discretely target which of hiscontacts 204 a-204 i will see certain postings or have access toparticular information. For example, the user 202 may be planning asurprise party for a small group of friends. As such, the user canorganize contacts into “Surprise Party Attendees” and “Surprise PartyHonorees” personal circles. By doing so, the user 202 may better targetselected postings to the friends attending and/or helping to plan thesurprise party (i.e., Surprise Party Attendees), while targetingselected postings to friends that are to be honored at the surpriseparty (i.e., Surprise Party Honorees) to maintain the integrity of thesurprise.

The social circle 220 is a shared private circle, which may also bereferred to simply as a shared circle. In general, shared privatecircles are social circles that the user 202 creates and invitescontacts to voluntarily join. Contacts that accept the invitation becomemembers of the shared private circle. Members of a shared private circlecan see information posted to that circle by the user 202 and can postinformation to be shared with other members of the shared privatecircle. For example, the user 202 may tend to post a large number ofjokes to the social network. However, while some of the contacts 204a-204 i may find the jokes to be entertaining, others may find them tobe simply annoying. Realizing this, the user 202 may create a “jokes”shared private circle and invite some or all of the contacts 204 a-204 ito join. With the “jokes” social circle in place, the user 202 may postwitticisms to the “jokes” circle, and only those contacts who haveaccepted the invitation are able to see the comicality of the user 202.Similarly, members of the shared private circle are able to postmessages to the circle, and those posts are visible to other members ofthat circle.

The social circle 230 is a shared public circle. In general, sharedpublic circles are social circles that the user 202 creates, and invitescontacts to voluntarily join. Further, the existence of a shared publiccircle is publicly available such that other users of the socialnetworking service (e.g., not necessarily just the user's 202 contacts204 a-204 i) may request to join the public social circle. Members ofshared public circles may post information to, and see updates postedby, other members of the same public shared circle. In someimplementations, public shares circles may be “fan” or “group” circles(e.g., circles dedicated to a particular place, event, product, movie,celebrity, sports team, company, concept, philosophy, organization,support network). For example, the user 202 may create a shared publiccircle for his band, and fans of his act may join the circle to discussupcoming shows, download MP3s of the band's music, or post videos fromrecent concerts. In another example, the user 202 may create a sharedpublic circle for alumni of his high school graduating class, which hisformer classmates may find and join in order to stay in touch with oneanother and post pictures from their school days. Once a shared publiccircle is created, in some implementations the user 202 can invitepeople to join the circle. In some implementations, nonmembers of thecircle can request membership in the shared public circle, andmembership in a shared public circle may be automatic upon request, ormay require the user's 202 approval to become members of the sharedpublic circle.

A given contact may be placed in several of the user's 202 socialcircles. For instance, a single contact may be a friend and coworker ofthe user 202, fan of the user's 202 jokes, a follower of the user's 202band, and a surprise party attendee. The single contact therefore may bepresent in several of the user's 202 social circles, including multipleprivate and public circles.

In some implementations, one or more default social circles can beprovided or suggested to a user when the user subscribes to a socialnetworking service. For example, “Friends,” “Family,” and “Coworkers”social circles can automatically be provided in a user's profile uponthe user subscribing to the particular social networking service. Othersocial circles can automatically be provided including, for example, an“Acquaintances” social circle and/or a “Just Following” social circle.In some implementations, the automatically created or suggested socialcircles can include personal social circles. Although default socialcircles can be automatically provided, it may be left to the user toactually populate the default social circles with contacts. For example,each of the default social circles may initially be empty of contacts,and the user populates each of the default social circles as discussedin further detail herein.

As discussed herein, digital content can be distributed to contactswithin the social networking service including one or more socialcircles, such that they are exclusively viewable by the indicatedcontacts and/or contacts within one or more indicated social circles.For example, a user of the social networking service can generate a postand indicate one or more social circles for distribution of the post. Insome implementations, an auto-complete component enables the user totype in part of the name of a social circle and/or individual contact tospecify which social circles and/or individual contacts require deliveryof the post content. During a post write-time, a post data set istransmitted from the user's client computing device (e.g., client device102 of FIG. 1) to a distribution hub, which can be provided at a server(e.g., server system 112 of FIG. 1). The post data set includes aplurality of data. In some implementations, the post data set includespost content data (e.g., text, uniform resource indicator (URI)),timestamp data (e.g., a timestamp indicating the time that the post wasgenerated), distribution data (e.g., contacts and/or one or more socialcircles), and identification (ID) data (e.g., an ID assigned to the postdata set upon generation of the post).

In some implementations, the distribution data is processed to providean access control list (ACL) that specifies which contacts within thesocial networking system are granted access to the post content.Generally, the distribution hub determines end points to which the postdata set is to be distributed based on the ACL. More specifically, theset of contacts that may care about the post and/or that are allowedaccess to the post is determined based on the ACL, and the ID of thepost is written to a per user/view index at the distribution hub. Whenfetching posts to distribute to a user, the user/view index is accessedand the IDs of the various posts that the user is allowed to view aredetermined. The post data sets are retrieved from a data store (e.g.,data store 118 of FIG. 1) and are transmitted to a client deviceassociated with the requesting user.

FIG. 3 depicts a screen-shot 300 of an example graphical user interfacefor creating and maintaining social circles. In the screen-shot 300, asocial graph editor user interface (UI) 301 is shown. In someimplementations, the UI 301 can be the interface presented by a purposemade social networking application, while in some implementations the UI301 can be one or more web pages of a social networking websitedisplayed in a general purpose web browser.

In the example of FIG. 3, the UI 301 includes a number of choicespresented in a menu bar 305. In the present example, the “SocialNetwork” choice has been selected by a user. This selection causes aweb-based social networking application to be executed and a socialnetwork menu 310 to be displayed. The social network menu 310 includes aprofile indicator 312 in which information such as a user name 314 and auser image 316 associated with the currently logged in user aredisplayed.

The social network menu 310 also displays, among other items, a socialcircles sub-menu 318. The social circles sub-menu 318, when selected(e.g., as represented by the highlighting of the submenu's title),causes a social circle display 320 to be presented. The social circledisplay 320 includes a number of circles 322 a-322 e that are visualrepresentations of various social circles that the user has created orhas permission to edit. Each of the circles 322 a-322 e displaysinformation about the social circle it represents. For example, thecircle 322 c displays a name 324 a, a count 324 b of the number ofcontacts associated with the social circle, and an indication 324 c ofwhat kind of circle (e.g., personal, private shared, public shared) thatthe circle 322 c is.

The social circle display 320 also includes a contact display 326. Thecontact display 326 provides a graphical interface for viewing,selecting, and organizing items in the user's contact lists. Acollection of contact icons 328 a-328 i represents the contacts or otherentities (e.g., organizations, places, or other items) sociallynetworked with the particular user. In some implementations, the iconscan be digital photos of the contacts they represent (e.g., the icons328 a, 328 d), arbitrary images (e.g., the icons 328 b, 328 g), orplaceholders (e.g., when the contact has no image associated with theiraccount, such as the icon 328 c). In some implementations, the icons caninclude additional information, such as the names of each contact. Ascroll bar 329 is provided for the user to view additional contact iconsthat may not fit into the initial view.

FIG. 4 depicts a screen-shot of an example stream page 400 for a user ofa social networking service. For example, the stream page 400 can beprovided as a web page within a website of a social networking service,and can display digital content that has been shared with a userassociated with the stream page 400. In the illustrated example, theexample user includes “Rob McXYZ” and the stream page 400 includesmembers of the user's “Friends” social circle. The “Friends” stream page400 displays items (i.e., digital content) that other users in the“Friends” social circle have shared with the user and/or items that theuser has shared with the other users. The stream page 400 includes asocial network menu 402 and an item region 404. Example items 406, 408that have been distributed to the user are displayed in the item region404. Generally, the items 406, 408 displayed in the item region 404include digital content that is distributed to the user from contactsestablished within the social networking service. A content sharinginterface 410 can also be provided in the item region 404. The user canactivate (e.g., click on) the content sharing interface 410 to sharedigital content. Although two items 406, 408 are depicted in FIG. 4, itis appreciated that the stream page 400 can display any number of itemsto the user.

3. Privacy Settings

Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to determiningwhich items to display to the user within a stream page of the user ofthe social networking service based on user-provided privacy settings.In some examples, each item of digital content and the sender of theitem can be checked against social circle sub-groups defined by the userand/or digital content types selected by the user to determine whetherthe digital content is displayed.

FIGS. 5A-5C depict an example graphical user interface (GUI) 500 formanaging contact digital content within a social circle. In someexamples, the GUI 500 is a graphical representation of a particularsocial circle. In the depicted example, the GUI 500 is a graphicalrepresentation of the “Friends” social circle of FIG. 3. The GUI 500includes concentric regions. A center region 501 provides informationregarding the social circle (e.g., name, number of contacts assigned tothe social circle, type of social circle). Outer regions 502, 504represent respective sub-groups to which contacts of the social circlecan be assigned. As discussed in further detail herein, each sub-groupincludes associated filtering to define which digital content from whichcontacts is to be displayed to a user.

Each contact that is a member of the social circle is graphicallyrepresented as an icon 506. Placement of the icons 506 within theregions 502, 504 can be used to define which sub-group the particularcontacts are assigned to. In the depicted example, the icons 506 can belocated in either the region 502 or the region 504, where the region 502represents contacts whose digital content that is distributed to theuser will be displayed to the user, and the region 504 representscontacts whose digital content distributed to the user will be filteredfrom display to the user. Further, digital content distributed by theuser to the social circle represented by the GUI 500 will be distributedto each of the contacts associated with the icons 506 (unless one ormore contacts have established similar filter settings). In this manner,the user can regulate digital content that is displayed on aper-contact, per-social circle basis, while still being able todistribute digital content to all contacts of the social circle.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5A-5C, the example “Friends” stream page 400corresponds to the configuration of sub-groups of the “Friends” socialcircle as provided in FIG. 5A. In the example GUI 500, an icon 506 athat represents a contact “Katie” is located within the region 502.Consequently, digital content distributed to the user from the contact“Katie” appears in the stream page 400. Icons 506 b, 506 c, respectivelyrepresenting the contacts “Debra” and “Geoff,” are located in the region504. Consequently, digital content distributed to the user from thecontacts “Debra” and/or “Geoff” does not appear in the stream page 400.

The icons 506 can be moved between the regions 502, 504 to change filtersettings. In some implementations, a drag-and-drop technique can be usedto move icons 506 between regions 502, 504. FIGS. 5B and 5C depict theuse of a cursor 508 to drag the “Katie” icon 506 a from the region 502to the region 504. In this manner, the contact “Katie” is added to theset of excluded contacts, whose digital content will not be displayed tothe user.

FIG. 6 depicts a screen-shot of the example stream page 400 of FIG. 4showing the results of the contact digital content management shown inFIGS. 5A-5C In particular, FIG. 6 depicts the example “Friends” streampage 400 corresponding to the settings defined in FIG. 5C using the GUI500. As discussed above, placement of the icon 506 a (associated withthe contact “Katie”) results in digital content distributed by thecontact “Katie” to the user being filtered from display to the user.Consequently, the item 406 associated with the contact “Katie” is nolonger displayed in the stream page 400. Instead, items 408, 600, 602,604 are displayed. More specifically, items 408, 600, 602, 604 areassociated with the contacts “Harold” and “Tamara” and are displayed,because icons associated with the contacts “Harold” and “Tamara” arelocated in the region 502 in FIG. 5C.

FIGS. 7A-7C depict another example GUI 700 for managing contact digitalcontent within a social circle. In the depicted example, the GUI 700 isa graphical representation of the “Friends” social circle, and includesregions 702, 704, 710 and icons 706. The icons 706 are graphicalrepresentations of contacts that are members of the social circle. Inthe depicted example, the regions 702, 704 are associated with the samedistribution settings as the regions 502, 504, respectively, asdiscussed above. That is, the region 702 represents contacts whosedigital content that is distributed to the user will be displayed to theuser, and the region 704 represents contacts whose digital contentdistributed to the user will be filtered from display to the user. Inthe depicted example, the region 710 is provided as an intermediateregion that enables nuanced filtering of digital content distributed bycontacts, as discussed in further detail herein.

FIG. 7A depicts the same settings as FIG. 5C. That is, icons 706 a, 706b, 706 c, associated with the contacts “Katie,” “Debra,” and “Geoff,”respectively, are located in the region 704. In this manner, digitalcontent distributed by the contacts “Katie,” “Debra,” and/or “Geoff” isfiltered from display to the user. An icon 706 d represents a contact“Harold.” In FIG. 7A, because the icon 706 d is located within theregion 702, digital content distributed by the contact “Harold” (and/orother contacts within the region 702) to the user is displayed to theuser. Accordingly, the stream page 400 of FIG. 6 can provide an exampleof items of digital content that can be displayed of the user based onsettings of the GUI 700 of FIG. 7A. In the example of FIG. 6, the item408 from the contact “Harold” represents shared images, the item 600represents the progress of the contact “Harold” with respect to anonline game, and the item 604 represents a post sent from the contact“Harold.”. As discussed in further detail below, the region 710 enablesselective filtering of digital content from particular contacts based ondigital content type.

Referring now to FIGS. 7B and 7C, the GUI 700 enables nuanced filteringof digital content to be displayed to the user. In some implementations,a drag-and-drop technique can be used to move icons 506 between theregions 702, 704, 710. FIGS. 7B and 7C depict the use of a cursor 708 todrag the icon 706 d, associated with the contact “Harold,” from theregion 702 to the region 710. In some implementations, when a contact isassociated with an intermediate sub-group, such as an intermediatesub-group represented by the region 710, a dialog box 712 can bedisplayed. In the depicted example, the dialogue box 712 provides typesor categories of digital content and enables the user to selectparticular categories of digital content that will be displayed to theuser. Example categories can include photos (i.e., digital images),digital videos, online games, hyperlinks, music, media and posts. In thedepicted example, categories provided in the dialogue box 712 includephotos, games, links, music, media and posts, and the user has selectedlinks, music, media and posts. Consequently, digital contentcorresponding to photos and/or links that are distributed by the contact“Harold” to the user will not be displayed to the user, and digitalcontent corresponding to links, music, media and/or posts distributed bythe contact “Harold” to the user will be displayed to the user.

FIG. 8 depicts a screen-shot of the example stream page 400 of FIGS. 4and 6 showing the results of the contact digital content managementshown in FIGS. 7A-7C. More specifically, FIG. 8 depicts the stream page400 after being updated based on the settings defined by the GUI 700 ofFIG. 7C. The stream page 400 of FIG. 8 includes the items 602, 604 andan item 800. As a consequence of the settings defined using the GUI 700of FIG. 7C, the items 408, 600 (depicted in FIG. 6) are no longerdisplayed to the user. More specifically, because the categories photosand games are not selected for digital content distributed by thecontact “Harold,” the items 408, 600, which correspond to photos andgames, respectively, are not displayed to the user. The item 604represents content from the contact “Harold” in a category that the userhas selected to be displayed. The item 602 from the contact “Tamara” andthe item 800 from the contact “Sarah” both reflect the settings as shownin FIG. 7C, where icons associated with the contacts “Tamara” and“Sarah” are located in the region 702.

In some examples, by providing dialog boxes for each contact, the useris able to individually tailor the categories of digital content thatwill be presented from each contact in the social circle. In someimplementations, one or more intermediate regions may be used withcontent settings that are pre-specified. For example, a firstintermediate region can be associated with filtering of a first set ofdigital content categories and a second intermediate region can beassociated with filtering of a second set of digital content categories.In some examples, the first set of digital content categories can bedifferent from and/or overlap the second set of digital contentcategories. In this manner, the user can adjust which categories ofdigital content are to be filtered for a particular sub-group withoutadjusting categories for each contact within the sub-group. In someimplementations, one or more intermediate regions can include defaultsettings that can, for example, be adjusted by the user for anyparticular contact.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example process 900 that can be executed inimplementations of the present disclosure. In some implementations, theexample process 900 can include operations that are performed using oneor more computer programs executed using one or more data processingapparatus (e.g., one or more client-side computing devices and/or one ormore server-side computing devices). The example process 900 can beexecuted to determine whether an item should be presented to a user in astream page.

An item that is to be distributed to a user is identified (902). Forexample, the item is generated and posted to the social networkingservice by an author and includes a distribution that includes the user.Consequently, the item is accessible, or otherwise visible to the user,such that the item can be displayed in a stream page of the user. Insome examples, the item is identified in response to the user logginginto the social networking service and/or a user request to displayitems in a stream page of the user. The author of the item is determined(904). In some examples, the author of the item can be determined froman identifier provided in a data set associated with the item. It can bedetermined that the author is a member of a social grouping (e.g.,social circle) defined by the user.

It is determined whether the author is associated with a leastrestrictive sub-group (906). In some examples, the least restrictivesub-group is associated with settings that enable all contentdistributed by the author to be displayed to the user. For example, itcan be determined whether the author is assigned to a sub-groupassociated with the region 502,702 of the GUI 500 or the GUI 700,respectively. If the author is associated with the least restrictivesub-group, the item is included in items that are to be displayed to theuser (e.g., on a stream page) (908). If the author is not associatedwith a least restrictive sub-group, it can be determined whether theauthor is associated with the most restrictive sub-group (910). In someexamples, the most restrictive sub-group is associated with settingsthat filter all content distributed by the author from being displayedto the user. For example, it can be determined whether the author isassigned to a sub-group associated with the region 504,704 of the GUI500 or the GUI 700, respectively. If the author is associated with themost restrictive sub-group, the item is excluded from items that are tobe displayed to the user (e.g., on a stream page) (912). If the authoris not associated with the most restrictive sub-group, a digital contentcategory of the item can be determined (914). It can be determinedwhether to filter the digital content based on the category (916). Forexample, the category of the item can be compared to a list of digitalcontent categories associated with the author that encompass digitalcontent that is to be displayed to the user. If the category is providedin the list of digital content categories, the item is not filtered andthe item is included in items that are to be displayed to the user(e.g., on a stream page) (908). If the category is not provided in thelist of digital content categories, the item is excluded from items thatare to be displayed to the user (e.g., on a stream page) (912).

4. Conclusion

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it willbe understood that various modifications may be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, various formsof the flows shown above may be used, with steps re-ordered, added, orremoved. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of thefollowing claims.

Implementations of the present disclosure and all of the functionaloperations provided herein can be realized in digital electroniccircuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including thestructures disclosed in this specification and their structuralequivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Implementationsof the invention can be realized as one or more computer programproducts, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructionsencoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to controlthe operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readablemedium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readablestorage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting amachine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more ofthem. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus,devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example aprogrammable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers.The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates anexecution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., codethat constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a databasemanagement system, an operating system, or a combination of one or moreof them.

A computer program (also known as a program, software, softwareapplication, script, or code) can be written in any form of programminglanguage, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can bedeployed in any form, including as a stand alone program or as a module,component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computingenvironment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to afile in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a filethat holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in amarkup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program inquestion, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store oneor more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer programcan be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computersthat are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this disclose can beperformed by one or more programmable processors executing one or morecomputer programs to perform functions by operating on input data andgenerating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performedby, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logiccircuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application specific integrated circuit).

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, byway of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, andany one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory ora random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer area processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devicesfor storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will alsoinclude, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer datato, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g.,magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computerneed not have such devices. Moreover, a computer can be embedded inanother device, e.g., a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a mobile audio player, a Global Positioning System (GPS)receiver, to name just a few. Computer readable media suitable forstoring computer program instructions and data include all forms of nonvolatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of examplesemiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memorydevices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks;magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor andthe memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purposelogic circuitry.

To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the inventioncan be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT(cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, fordisplaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device,e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to thecomputer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interactionwith a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can beany form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback,or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in anyform, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

Implementations of the invention can be realized in a computing systemthat includes a back end component, e.g., as a data server, or thatincludes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or thatincludes a front end component, e.g., a client computer having agraphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user caninteract with an implementation of the invention, or any combination ofone or more such back end, middleware, or front end components. Thecomponents of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium ofdigital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples ofcommunication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a widearea network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet. Actions as described hereinmay be carried out on a distributed system, a multiprocessor system,and/or one or more virtual machines operating over a distributedarchitecture such as cloud.

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

While this disclosure contains many specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of the disclosure or of what maybe claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific toparticular implementations of the disclosure. Certain features that aredescribed in this disclosure in the context of separate implementationscan also be provided in combination in a single implementation.Conversely, various features that are described in the context of asingle implementation can also be provided in multiple implementationsseparately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, althoughfeatures may be described above as acting in certain combinations andeven initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimedcombination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and theclaimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation ofa subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various systemcomponents in the implementations described above should not beunderstood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and itshould be understood that the described program components and systemscan generally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular implementations of the present disclosure have beendescribed. Other implementations are within the scope of the followingclaims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performedin a different order and still achieve desirable results.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method executed using oneor more computing devices, the method comprising: defining, using theone or more computing devices, a first group of contacts, the firstgroup of contacts having been specified by a first user of a socialnetworking service and comprising contacts of the first user within thesocial networking service each contact in the first group of contactsbeing associated with a first sub-group of contacts within the firstgroup of contacts, the first group of contacts comprising a second userand a third user being associated with a distribution scheme for digitalcontent provided by the first user within the social networking service;and associating, using the one or more computing devices, based on firstinput provided by the first user, one or more contacts of the firstsub-group of contacts with a second sub-group of contacts within thefirst group of contacts, determining that the third user is a member ofthe second sub-group, the second sub-group of contacts comprisingcontacts for which at least some digital content from the third userdistributed to the first user is excluded from display to the firstuser, and other digital content from the second user is displayed to thefirst user and excluded from display to the third user, based on thedetermining.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining,using the one or more computing devices, an item of digital content anda distribution associated with the item of digital content based oninput provided by the first user, the distribution comprising the firstgroup of contacts; and distributing the item of digital content tocontacts within both the first sub-group of contacts and the secondsub-group of contacts through the social networking service.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: defining, using the one or morecomputing devices, an item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content based on input provided bythe second user of the social networking service, the distributioncomprising the first user; determining, using the one or more computingdevices, that the second user is a member of the second sub-group; andbased at least in part on determining that the second user is a memberof the second sub-group, excluding the item from items that are to bedisplayed to the first user.
 4. The method of claim 3, furthercomprising determining that the item of digital content comprises aspecified type of digital content, wherein excluding the item from itemsthat are to be displayed to the first user is in response to determiningthat the second user is a member of the second sub-group excluding theitem from items that are to be displayed to the first user anddetermining that the item of digital content comprises the specifiedtype of digital content.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the specifiedtype of digital content comprises at least one of music, hyperlinks,photos, videos and games.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:defining an item of digital content and a distribution associated withthe item of digital content based on input provided by the second userof the social networking service, the distribution comprising the firstuser; determining that the second user is a member of the firstsub-group; and at least partially in response to determining that thesecond user is a member of the first sub-group, including the item initems that are to be displayed to the first user.
 7. The method of claim6, further comprising: defining a second item of digital content and asecond distribution associated with the second item of digital contentbased on input provided by the third user of the social networkingservice, the second distribution comprising the first user; at leastpartially in response to the determining that the third user is a memberof the second sub-group, excluding the second item from items that areto be displayed to the first user; and displaying the items that are tobe displayed to the first user, including the item of digital contentfrom the second user and excluding the second item of digital contentfrom the third user.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprisingassociating, based on second input provided by the first user, one ormore contacts of at least one of the first sub-group of contacts and thesecond sub-group of contacts with a third sub-group of contacts withinthe first group of contacts, the third sub-group of contacts comprisingcontacts for which all digital content distributed to the first user isfiltered from display to the first user.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the second sub-group of contacts comprises contacts for whichall digital content distributed to the first user is filtered fromdisplay to the first user.
 10. Non-transitory computer storage mediaencoded with one or more computer programs, the one or more computerprograms comprising instructions that when executed by data processingapparatus cause the data processing apparatus to perform operationscomprising: defining a first group of contacts, the first group ofcontacts having been specified by a first user of a social networkingservice and comprising contacts of the first user within the socialnetworking service, each contact in the first group of contacts beingassociated with a first sub-group of contacts within the first group ofcontacts, the first group of contacts comprising a second user and athird user being associated with a distribution scheme for digitalcontent provided by the first user within the social networking service;and associating, based on first input provided by the first user, one ormore contacts of the first sub-group of contacts with a second sub-groupof contacts within the first group of contacts, determining that thethird user is a member of the second sub-group, the second sub-group ofcontacts comprising contacts for which at least some digital contentfrom the third user distributed to the first user is excluded fromdisplay to the first user, and other digital content from the seconduser is displayed to the first user and excluded from display to thethird user, based on the determining.
 11. The non-transitory computerstorage media of claim 10, the operations further comprising: definingan item of digital content and a distribution associated with the itemof digital content based on input provided by the first user, thedistribution comprising the first group of contacts; and distributingthe item of digital content to contacts within both the first sub-groupof contacts and the second sub-group of contacts through the socialnetworking service.
 12. The non-transitory computer storage media ofclaim 10, the operations further comprising: defining an item of digitalcontent and a distribution associated with the item of digital contentbased on input provided by the second user of the social networkingservice, the distribution comprising the first user; determining thatthe second user is a member of the second sub-group; and based at leastin part on determining that the second user is a member of the secondsub-group, excluding the item from items that are to be displayed to thefirst user.
 13. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 12,the operations further comprising determining that the item of digitalcontent comprises a specified type of digital content, wherein excludingthe item from items that are to be displayed to the first user is inresponse to determining that the second user is a member of the secondsub-group excluding the item from items that are to be displayed to thefirst user and determining that the item of digital content comprisesthe specified type of digital content.
 14. The non-transitory computerstorage media of claim 13, wherein the specified type of digital contentcomprises at least one of music, hyperlinks, photos, videos and games.15. The non-transitory computer storage method of claim 10, theoperations further comprising: defining an item of digital content and adistribution associated with the item of digital content based on inputprovided by the second user of the social networking service, thedistribution comprising the first user; determining that the second useris a member of the first sub-group; and at least partially in responseto determining that the second user is a member of the first sub-group,including the item in items that are to be displayed to the first user.16. The non-transitory computer storage media of claim 15, theoperations further comprising: defining a second item of digital contentand a second distribution associated with the second item of digitalcontent based on input provided by the third user of the socialnetworking service, the second distribution comprising the first user;determining that the third user is a member of the second sub-group; atleast partially in response to determining that the third user is amember of the second sub-group, excluding the second item from itemsthat are to be displayed to the first user; and displaying the itemsthat are to be displayed to the first user, including the item ofdigital content from the second user and excluding the second item ofdigital content from the third user.
 17. The non-transitory computerstorage media of claim 10, the operations further comprisingassociating, based on second input provided by the first user, one ormore contacts of at least one of the first sub-group of contacts and thesecond sub-group of contacts with a third sub-group of contacts withinthe first group of contacts, the third sub-group of contacts comprisingcontacts for which all digital content distributed to the first user isfiltered from display to the first user.
 18. The non-transitory computerstorage media of claim 10, wherein the second sub-group of contactscomprises contacts for which all digital content distributed to thefirst user is filtered from display to the first user.
 19. Acomputer-implemented method executed using one or more computingdevices, the method comprising: creating, using the one or morecomputing devices, a first group of digital contacts, the first group ofdigital contacts having been specified by a first user of a socialnetworking service and comprising digital contacts of the first userwithin the social networking service, the first group of digitalcontacts comprising a second user and a third user being associated witha distribution scheme for digital content provided by the first userwithin the social networking service; associating, using the one or morecomputing devices, based on first input provided by the first user, oneor more digital contacts from the first group of contacts with a secondsub-group of contacts; receiving, at the one or more computing devices,an indication of an item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content from the second user of thesocial networking service, the distribution comprising the first user;determining, using the one or more computing devices, that the seconduser is a member of the second sub-group; and based at least in part ondetermining that the second user is a member of the second sub-group,excluding the item of digital content from the second user from itemsthat are to be displayed to the first user and the third user, andincluding another item of the digital content from the third user in theitems that are to be displayed to the first user.
 20. The method ofclaim 19, the method further comprising: determining that the item ofdigital content is associated with a predefined type of digital content;wherein excluding the item of digital content from items that are to bedisplayed to the first user comprises excluding the item of digitalcontent based at least in part on determining that the second user is amember of the second sub-group and determining that the item of digitalcontent is associated with a predefined type of digital content.
 21. Themethod of claim 19, the method further comprising: receiving, at the oneor more computing devices, an indication of a second item of digitalcontent and a second distribution associated with the second item ofdigital content from the third user of the social networking service,the second distribution comprising the first user; determining that thethird user is not a member of the second sub-group; and at leastpartially based on determining that the second user is not a member ofthe second sub-group, including the second item of digital content initems that are to be displayed to the first user.
 22. The method ofclaim 21, the method further comprising: displaying the items that areto be displayed to the first user, including the second item of digitalcontent from the third user and excluding the item of digital contentfrom the second user.
 23. A system comprising: one or more computingdevices; and a computer-readable medium coupled to the one or morecomputing devices and having instructions stored thereon which, whenexecuted by the one or more computing devices, cause the one or morecomputing devices to perform operations comprising: creating, using theone or more computing devices, a first group of digital contacts, thefirst group of digital contacts having been specified by a first user ofa social networking service and comprising digital contacts of the firstuser within the social networking service, the first group of digitalcontacts comprising a second user and a third user being associated witha distribution scheme for digital content provided by the first userwithin the social networking service; associating, using the one or morecomputing devices, based on first input provided by the first user, oneor more digital contacts from the first group of contacts with a secondsub-group of contacts; receiving, at the one or more computing devices,an indication of an item of digital content and a distributionassociated with the item of digital content from a second user of thesocial networking service, the distribution comprising the first user;determining, using the one or more computing devices, that the seconduser is a member of the second sub-group; and based at least in part ondetermining that the second user is a member of the second sub-group,excluding the item of digital content from the second user from itemsthat are to be displayed to the first user and the third user, andincluding another item of the digital content from the third user in theitems that are to be displayed to the first user.
 24. The system ofclaim 23, the operations further comprising: determining that the itemof digital content is associated with a predefined type of digitalcontent; wherein excluding the item of digital content from items thatare to be displayed to the first user comprises excluding the item ofdigital content based at least in part on determining that the seconduser is a member of the second sub-group and determining that the itemof digital content is associated with a predefined type of digitalcontent.
 25. The system of claim 23, the operations further comprising:receiving, at the one or more computing devices, an indication of asecond item of digital content and a second distribution associated withthe second item of digital content from the third user of the socialnetworking service, the second distribution comprising the first user;determining that the third user is not a member of the second sub-group;and at least partially based on determining that the second user is nota member of the second sub-group, including the second item of digitalcontent in items that are to be displayed to the first user.
 26. Thesystem of claim 25, the operations further comprising: displaying theitems that are to be displayed to the first user, including the seconditem of digital content from the third user and excluding the item ofdigital content from the second user.